With advancements in assisted reproductive technology, frozen embryo transfer (FET) has become an essential part of many families’ fertility journeys. This article explains the complete process of embryo freezing in the U.S., how long embryos can be stored, and the associated costs—helping you fully understand this critical step.
1. Step-by-Step Process of Embryo Freezing
1. Embryo Culture and Freezing
- After egg retrieval and fertilization (IVF), embryos are cultured in a lab—typically to Day 3 (cleavage stage) or Day 5 (blastocyst stage).
- High-quality embryos are selected for cryopreservation. Most U.S. clinics use vitrification, a rapid freezing technique that ensures high survival rates.
2. Embryo Storage
- Frozen embryos are stored in liquid nitrogen tanks at approximately -196°C.
- Clinics monitor tank levels and environment regularly to ensure safe and long-term storage.
3. Thawing and Endometrial Preparation
- When the patient is ready, embryos are thawed carefully.
- Doctors design a personalized hormone protocol (natural or medicated cycle) to prepare the endometrium for implantation.
4. Embryo Transfer
- Guided by ultrasound, the thawed embryo is gently transferred into the uterus.
- The procedure is painless and quick—most patients rest the same day.
5. Post-Transfer Care and Pregnancy Test
- Patients continue progesterone or other medications to support the uterine lining.
- Around 10–14 days later, a blood or urine test confirms pregnancy.
2. How Long Can Embryos Be Stored?
- U.S. law allows embryos to be stored long-term—many years, even decades.
- Most clinics offer storage contracts for 5 to 10 years, with the option to extend upon request.
- Patients can choose to continue storage, discard, or donate embryos, depending on their situation.
3. Cost Overview of Embryo Freezing in the U.S.
| Service Item | Typical Cost (USD) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Embryo Freezing Fee | $500 – $1,500 | Covers initial freezing and short-term storage |
| Annual Storage Fee | $300 – $1,000/year | For monitoring and maintaining liquid nitrogen |
| Embryo Thawing Fee | $500 – $1,000 | For preparing embryos for transfer |
| Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycle | $3,000 – $5,000 | Includes medications, monitoring, and procedure |
Note: Fees vary by clinic. Always confirm with your chosen provider.
4. Helpful Tips
- Sign a clear storage agreement that outlines duration and post-storage decisions.
- Pay storage fees on time to avoid complications or accidental disposal.
- Consult with your doctor regularly to plan optimal timing for transfer.
5. Conclusion
Frozen embryo transfer offers flexibility and improves IVF success rates. Understanding the process, storage rules, and fees will help you plan your fertility journey with confidence.